Reduced striatal volumes in Parkinson’s disease: a magnetic resonance imaging study

Table 4 Results of striatal volume comparisons

Striatal Region ^ψ	PD (n = 65)	Healthy Controls (n = 27)	F(1,91)	p	Effect size
Normalized Caudate	0.416% (0.400 – 0.433)	0.468% (0.443 – 0.493)	11.38	0.001	−0.80
Normalized Putamen	0.422% (0.405 – 0.440)	0.459% (0.432 – 0.442)	5.22	0.03	−0.52
Gender effects ^ψ	Male (n = 67)	Female (n = 25)	F(1,91)	p	Effect size
Normalized Caudate	0.423% (0.407 – 0.439)	0.461% (0.435 – 0.487)	6.2	0.02	−0.59
Normalized Putamen	0.425% (0.408 – 0.442)	0.456% (0.429 – 0.483)	3.8	0.05	−0.47
Caudate sub-regions ^ζ	PD (n = 58)	Healthy Controls (n = 25)	F(1,82)	p	Effect size
Normalized Head	0.351% (0.338 – 0.363)	0.381% (0.363 – 0.399)	7.4	0.008	−0.66
Normalized Body	0.071% (0.064 – 0.077)	0.078% (0.070 – 0.086)	2.0	0.16	−0.32
Cognitively normal comparison ^*	PD normal cognition (n = 41)	Healthy Controls (n = 27)	F(1,67)	p	Effect size
Normalized Caudate	0.424% (0.401 – 0.446)	0.470% (0.442 – 0.497)	6.0	0.02	−0.65
Normalized Putamen	0.429% (0.406 – 0.453)	0.465% (0.437 – 0.494)	3.9	0.05	−0.48

Values are estimated marginal means (95% confidence intervals) calculated from analysis controlling for gender and age.
^ψAssumed age of 67 years; ^ζAssumed age of 66.4 years; ^*Assumed age of 65.7 years.