Table 1 Summary of possible premotor PD biomarkers
From: Premotor biomarkers for Parkinson's disease - a promising direction of research
| Â | Existing Biomakers | Potential Biomakers | Candidate biomakers | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Uric acid | a-sysnuclein | DJ-1 | SPECT | fMRI | PET | Aβ42 | tau | |
Blood | 74–76 | 63 | 82 |  |  |  |  |  |
CSF | Â | 53, 54, 56, 59 | 53,79 | Â | Â | Â | 130 | 130 |
Saliva | Â | 69,71 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Skin | Â | 67 | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Glucose Binding | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 92 | Â | Â |
Iron | Â | Â | Â | Â | 100 | Â | Â | Â |
Structural Brain Elements |  |  |  |  | 97–99 |  |  |  |
DAT Binding |  |  |  | 88–90, 93, 94 |  |  |  |  |