Dopaminergic approaches | Examples | Status |
---|---|---|
Drug combinations | ||
L-dopa plus DA | IR – ropinirole. pramipexole | Marketed |
DA plus L-dopa | IR – Sinemet, Madopar | Marketed |
+ MAOB inhibitor | Irreversible – rasagiline, selegiline | Marketed |
Reversible - safinamide | Approved in EU | |
+ COMT inhibitor | Entacapone, tolcapone | Marketed |
Opicapone | Clinical trials | |
L-dopa + carbidopa + entacapone | Stalevo | Marketed |
Extended release | ||
L-dopa | Sinemet CR | Marketed |
Rytary | Approved in USA | |
DA | ER – ropinirole, pramipexole | Marketed |
TD – rotigotine | Marketed | |
Non-dopaminergic approaches | ||
GABA/glutamate | Zonisamide | Marketed in Japan |
A2a adenosine antagonist | Istradefylline | Marketed in Japan |
Gene therapy | ||
TH/AADC/GTP-cyclohydrolase-1 | ProSavin | Clinical trials |